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Vietnam Music,
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Vietnam Culture > Vietnamese Music
Dan Bau (Ðàn
Bâ`u) -
Monostring Chordophone
The
structure of the dan bau is very simple. It
consists of a long piece of wood on which a
silk or brass string is stretched, and
fastened at one end by a peg, and tied at
the other end by a flexible bamboo plate.
The string is passed repeatedly through an
open dried gourd (bâ`u) used as a sound box.
Dan bau does not have any frets.
According to Vietnamese legend, dan bau has
traditionally played in the groups of blind
musicians, because only the blinds have
greatest hearing sense to listen to the
magical sounds of this instrument. Today,
dan bau takes part in the ensembles of cheo,
cai luong theatrical music, and even in
modern music as you can see in Asia
Entertainment Videos. |
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Dan Day
(Ðàn Ðáy) - Four-String Lute
This is a special
instrument of Vietnamese origin. The Dan Day
is three-stringed lute, which incorporates
the peculiarities of the two-stringed
lute(dan Nguyet), the four-stringed
pear-shaped lute (dan Ty Ba), and the
three-stringed lute (dan Tam). Mostly the
Dan Day is used in the North Vietnam. Its
sound box is a trapezoid shape but without a
back surface. The frets are fixed on the
lower part of a very long neck. Its 3
plastic strings produces a low sounds and
the Dan Day is only used to accompany the
songs performed by female singers.
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Nguyet Cam
(Nguyêt Câ`m) - Moon Lute
Nguyet Cam is a
two-stringed lute with a flat, circular
sound box which is shaped like a moon.
This instrument has an appearance similar to
those of other East Asian Moon shaped lutes,
the Yue qin of China, the Wul Kim of Korea,
and the Gekkin of Japan. However the
Vietnamese Nguyet Cam can easily be
distinguished from others by its long neck,
the prominently raised fret, and the
performance practice. This is an important
plucked stringed instrument used in so many
kinds of musical or theatrical performances
such as solo, song accompaniment,
instrumental ensemble, chamber music, ritual
music,royal court music...and this
instrument was placed on the first position
of the five perfect instrument (Nhu
tuyet: Tranh, Ty, Nhi, Nguyet, Sao) in
chamber music.
In chamber music of the South Vietnam , the
musiciam who plays this instrument also
conducts the ensemble by keeping the Song
Loan ( the percussion instrument which
looks like castanets, is used to keep the
beat for the song playing), the Nguyet
Cam has been widely appreciated by the
Vietnamese for centuries. |
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Dan Doan (Ðàn
Ðoan) and Dan Sen (Ðàn Sên)
Dan
Doan and Dan Sen is
copy of the Nguyet Cam in
smaller shapes.
The Dan Doan has a round thin sound box with
a short neck and two strings while the Dan
Sen has a flower shaped sound box with two
strings on its neck which is longer than
those of the Dan Doan.
In addition to the different shapes compared
to the Dan Nguyet, the frets of the Dan Doan
or the Dan Sen are fixed in diatonic scale
instead of pentatonic scale of the Dan
Nguyet. |
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Dan Tam
(Ðàn Tam) - Three-String Lute
As the name
indicated, this lute composed of three silk
strings. Dan Tam can have very high sound.
The tension of every string can vary freely
to produce melodious sounds. One
intestestring thing is that Dan Tam is
fretless, The sound-box is usally decorated
or covered with snake skin |
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Dan Tranh (Ðàn
Tranh) - 16-String Zither
Dan
Tranh is also known as Dan Thap Luc (Ðàn
Thâ.p Lu.c - 16) with 16 strings. Its shape
resembles a bamboo tube that has been sliced
vertically in half. Dan tranh has mostly
been seen performed by female musicians in
Vietnamese traditional dress (Ao Dai). When
play, the instrument is placed in front of
the musician, who uses her right hand to
regulate the pitch and vibrate, while
plucking the strings with her left hand.
The Dan Tranh is the smallest of the
Far Eastern Zithers. The sound box of this
instrument has the form of a long half cone.
The 16 strings are divided into two sections
by a series of 16 high and movable bridges
(Nhan). The strings are stretched
along a soft wooden sound board. One end of
the string is wound around one of 16 tuning
pegs (truc), while the other end of
string passes over the tail-board and goes
through one of the 16 small holes where it
is attached with small pieces of paper. The
strings are plucked with plectrums attached
to the finger of the right hand, while the
left hand is used for ornamenting the notes
by pressing more or less heavily on the
strings. The plectrum are made of tortoise
shell, metal or plastic. Though a common
Chinese ancestry, this instrument is closely
related to the Japanese Koto, the Korean
kayakuem, the Mogolian Jetakh and the
Chinese Zheng. It is, however the smallest
one and its 16 strings are currently made of
steel instead of plastic or twisted silk.
The zither is basically a solo instrument or
something accompanies other instruments. It
is used in instrumental ensemble (Hoa Tau),
chamber music (Nhac thinh phong), the
revival theater (cai luong), folklore
group, poetry recitation (ngam tho).
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Dan Ty Ba (Ðàn
Ty` Bà) - Pear-Shaped Lute
Dan Ty
Ba has a pear-shaped sound-box that becomes
narrow toward its upper end to form the
neck. This instrument has 4 strings of
braided silk. Dan Ty Ba was
originated from China (Pipa) but was
modified into a smaller size. The frets are
placed in diatonic scale. It is a plucked
stringed instrument used for vocal
accompaniment, in chamber music, in royal
music. The playing technique of Dan Ty Ba is
the same as those of the Nguyet Cam. But
because of having 4 strings, Dan Ty Ba can
play chords by using 4 fingers of the right
hand. |
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